China has summoned a senior US envoy in protest after Washington announced it would sell two warships to Taiwan.
Vice Foreign Minister Zheng Zeguang made "solemn representations" with Kaye Lee, the US charge d'affaires, China's foreign ministry said.
The arms deal, worth $1.83bn (£1.22bn) comes as tensions rise over China's island-building in the South China Sea.
Taiwan expressed gratitude to Washington for helping with its defence needs.
China views Taiwan as a breakaway province which will one day be reunited with the mainland, though relations have warmed in recent weeks. Leaders from both countries met last month for the first time since the 1949 civil war.
China maintains a right to use force if Taiwan attempts to gain independence.
Vice Foreign Minister Zheng Zeguang made "solemn representations" with Kaye Lee, the US charge d'affaires, China's foreign ministry said.
The arms deal, worth $1.83bn (£1.22bn) comes as tensions rise over China's island-building in the South China Sea.
Taiwan expressed gratitude to Washington for helping with its defence needs.
China views Taiwan as a breakaway province which will one day be reunited with the mainland, though relations have warmed in recent weeks. Leaders from both countries met last month for the first time since the 1949 civil war.
China maintains a right to use force if Taiwan attempts to gain independence.
'Strongly oppose'
The Chinese statement said Mr Zheng had told Ms Lee at the Wednesday meeting that Taiwan "is an inalienable part of China's territory" and that it "strongly opposes the US arms sale".
It added that the deal had "severely damaged China's sovereignty and security interest", and pledged to sanction the US firms involved in it.
The US said the deal, the first in four year, was consistent with its "long-standing policy on arms sales to Taiwan".
It comes as US-China relations fray over China's construction of artificial islands in the South China sea, sparking fears of a rise in tensions in the disputed territory.
Two decommissioned US Navy frigates, anti-tank missiles, amphibious assault vehicles, as well as surface-to-air missiles and other equipment are all included in the deal.
It will be approved in 30 days, unless Congress objects. That is thought unlikely, as there has been growing concern in the US about Taiwan's ability to defend itself from China's military might.
State Department spokesman John Kirby said the sale was consistent with the 1979 Taiwan Relations Act, which requires the US to provide Taiwan with sufficient weaponry to defend itself, even though the US does not recognise Taiwan as a state independent of China.
"There's no need for it to have any derogatory effect on our relationship with China," he told reporters. "We still want to work to establish a better, more transparent, more effective relationship with China in the region and we're going to continue to work at that."
It added that the deal had "severely damaged China's sovereignty and security interest", and pledged to sanction the US firms involved in it.
The US said the deal, the first in four year, was consistent with its "long-standing policy on arms sales to Taiwan".
It comes as US-China relations fray over China's construction of artificial islands in the South China sea, sparking fears of a rise in tensions in the disputed territory.
Two decommissioned US Navy frigates, anti-tank missiles, amphibious assault vehicles, as well as surface-to-air missiles and other equipment are all included in the deal.
It will be approved in 30 days, unless Congress objects. That is thought unlikely, as there has been growing concern in the US about Taiwan's ability to defend itself from China's military might.
State Department spokesman John Kirby said the sale was consistent with the 1979 Taiwan Relations Act, which requires the US to provide Taiwan with sufficient weaponry to defend itself, even though the US does not recognise Taiwan as a state independent of China.
"There's no need for it to have any derogatory effect on our relationship with China," he told reporters. "We still want to work to establish a better, more transparent, more effective relationship with China in the region and we're going to continue to work at that."